SAP S/4HANA

Vendor: SAP · Enterprise

SAP S/4HANA is SAPs next-generation ERP suite built on the in-memory HANA database platform. It replaces the classic SAP ECC system and provides real-time analytics, a simplified data model (Universal Journal ACDOCA), and the SAP Fiori UX across all modules including finance, logistics, manufacturing, and HR.

Accounts Payable (AP)

Vendor invoices, payments, settlements

Activities

Post Vendor Invoice - From RBKP/RSEG logistics invoice verification or BKPF/BSEG FI posting
Park Vendor Invoice - From RBKP parked invoice, MREXT status
Verify Invoice Against PO - From EKBE purchase order history vs invoice
Match Invoice to Goods Receipt - From EKBE goods receipt vs RSEG invoice
Block Vendor Invoice - From BSEG-ZLSPR payment block on invoice
Release Blocked Invoice - From BSEG payment block removal
Create Payment Proposal - From REGUP payment proposal from F110
Edit Payment Proposal - From REGUP payment proposal modifications
Execute Payment Run - From REGUH/REGUP payment program execution
Post Outgoing Payment - From BKPF/BSEG payment posting, document type KZ
Clear Vendor Invoice - From BSEG-AUGBL clearing document
Reverse Vendor Invoice - From RBKP storno, reversal document
Run Dunning - From MHNK dunning run for overdue vendors

Case attributes

Company Code (Text) - RBKP-BUKRS - company code
Payment Block (Text) - BSEG-ZLSPR - payment block indicator
Payment Terms (Text) - BSEG-ZTERM - terms of payment key
Currency (Text) - RBKP-WAERS - invoice currency
Invoice Amount (Currency) - RBKP-RMWWR - invoice amount
Vendor Number (Text) - RBKP-LIFNR - vendor account number
Invoice Number (Text) - RBKP-BELNR - invoice document number
Due Date (Date) - BSEG-FDTAG - due date for payment
Invoice Date (Date) - RBKP-BLDAT - invoice date
Posting Date (Date) - RBKP-BUDAT - posting date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify invoice processing delays [Efficiency]: Track the time from goods receipt (MSEG) to invoice receipt (RBKP) to find vendors or plants where invoice processing consistently lags.
Detect payment block overuse [Cash]: Analyze BSEG-ZLSPR to find invoices repeatedly blocked for payment without resolution, which may indicate process friction or over-cautious controls.
Uncover duplicate invoice postings [Cash]: Mine RBKP/RSEG for invoices with the same vendor, amount, and reference number to detect duplicate payments before they become write-offs.
Analyze payment term compliance [Cash]: Compare actual payment dates (BSEG-FDTAG) against due dates based on payment terms to identify early or late payments that affect cash flow.
Find dunning effectiveness gaps [Efficiency]: Track how long vendor invoices remain overdue before dunning is triggered, and whether dunning actually accelerates dispute resolution.
Measure three-way match pass rate [Compliance]: Calculate the percentage of invoices that pass three-way match on the first attempt vs those requiring blocks, rework, or manual overrides.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on blocked invoice aging [Cash]: Send a daily worklist of blocked invoices (BSEG-ZLSPR) older than five business days so AP can resolve disputes before they delay payment.
Trigger early payment discount alerts [Cash]: Notify treasury of invoices with payment terms that include early payment discounts so they can schedule payments before the discount window expires.
Monitor payment proposal queue [Service]: Display a live view of payment proposals awaiting edit or approval so the payment run is never delayed by a bottleneck.
Flag potential duplicate invoices [Cash]: Alert AP clerks in real time when a new invoice matches an existing posting on vendor, amount, and reference to prevent duplicate payment.
Track dunning action outcomes [Service]: Provide a dashboard of dunning notices sent and the rate at which they result in dispute resolution or payment, so dunning levels can be tuned.
Enforce invoice approval segregation [Compliance]: Block invoice posting when the approver is the same person who entered the invoice, enforcing segregation of duties at point of entry.

Data tables

ACDOCA - Universal Journal Entry
BKPF - Accounting Document Header
BSEG - Accounting Document Line Item
BSIK - Vendor Open Items
LFA1 - Vendor Master - General Data
LFB1 - Vendor Master - Company Code Data
RBKP - Invoice Document Header
RSEG - Invoice Document Item
BSAK - Vendor Cleared Items
CDHDR - Change Document Header
CDPOS - Change Document Items
LFM1 - Vendor Master - Purchasing Organization
REGUH - Settlement Data from Payment Program
REGUP - Payment Advice Items
SWWWIHEAD - Workflow Work Item Header
T001 - Company Codes
USR02 - User Master Data
T003 - Document Types
T003T - Document Type Texts
T005 - Countries
T008 - Blocking Reasons for Automatic Payment
T008T - Payment Block Texts
T040 - Dunning Keys
T040T - Dunning Block Texts
T042Z - Payment Methods for Automatic Payment
T042ZT - Payment Method Texts
T052 - Payment Terms Configuration
T052U - Payment Terms Text
TBSLT - Posting Key Texts
TCURF - Conversion Factors
TCURR - Exchange Rates
TCURX - Currency Decimals
TSTCT - Transaction Code Texts
TTYP - Reference Transaction Types

Accounts Receivable (AR)

Customer invoices, receipts, collections

Activities

Post Customer Invoice - From BKPF/BSEG FI posting or VBRK billing document
Post Customer Down Payment - From BSEG special G/L indicator A
Receive Customer Payment - From BSEG clearing, BSID to BSAD movement
Post Incoming Payment - From BKPF/BSEG payment posting, document type DZ
Clear Customer Invoice - From BSEG-AUGBL clearing document
Create Credit Memo - From BKPF/BSEG credit memo posting, document type KG
Run Dunning - From MHNK dunning run for overdue customers
Check Credit Limit - From KNKK customer credit control data
Release Credit Block - From VBAK credit release against blocked orders
Reverse Customer Invoice - From BKPF storno, reversal document
Write Off Receivable - From BSEG special G/L for bad debt write-off

Case attributes

Company Code (Text) - BKPF-BUKRS - company code
Payment Terms (Text) - BSEG-ZTERM - terms of payment key
Credit Limit (Currency) - KNKK-KLPRZ - credit limit
Currency (Text) - BKPF-WAERS - document currency
Invoice Amount (Currency) - BSEG-DMBTR - amount in local currency
Customer Number (Text) - BSEG-KUNNR - customer account number
Invoice Number (Text) - BKPF-BELNR - accounting document number
Document Date (Date) - BKPF-BLDAT - document date
Due Date (Date) - BSEG-FDTAG - due date for payment
Posting Date (Date) - BKPF-BUDAT - posting date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify collection bottlenecks [Cash]: Analyze the gap between invoice posting (BKPF) and payment clearing (BSEG-AUGBL) to find customers or segments with the longest days sales outstanding.
Detect credit block overuse [Cash]: Track how often sales orders are blocked by credit checks (KNKK) and how long they remain blocked, identifying overly restrictive credit limits.
Uncover dunning cycle gaps [Cash]: Analyze MHNK dunning runs to find customers who progress through dunning levels without paying, indicating collections inefficiency.
Find unapplied customer payments [Cash]: Mine BSAD and DFKKOP for customer payments that have been posted but not yet cleared against invoices, identifying cash application backlogs.
Analyze credit memo frequency [Cost]: Track credit memo postings (document type KG) by customer to identify recurring billing disputes or product quality issues.
Measure write-off patterns [Cost]: Analyze bad debt write-offs in BSEG to identify customers or segments where receivables consistently become uncollectible.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on overdue receivables [Cash]: Generate a daily aging report of customer invoices past due by 30, 60, and 90 days so collections can prioritize outreach.
Trigger credit limit review [Cash]: Notify credit management when a customer approaches their credit limit (KNKK-KLIMK) so the limit can be reviewed before new orders are blocked.
Monitor cash application queue [Service]: Display a live view of unapplied customer payments so the cash application team can clear them before the reconciliation deadline.
Flag high-risk customer accounts [Cash]: Alert collections when a customer with a high write-off history places a new order so additional credit checks can be performed.
Automate dunning level escalation [Service]: Automatically escalate customers to the next dunning level when their invoices remain unpaid past the defined grace period.
Track dispute resolution time [Service]: Measure the time from credit memo creation to posting to identify which dispute types take longest to resolve.

Data tables

BKPF - Accounting Document Header
BSEG - Accounting Document Line Item
BSID - Customer Open Items
KNA1 - Customer Master - General Data
KNB1 - Customer Master - Company Code Data
KNKK - Customer Credit Management
MHNK - Dunning History
BSAD - Customer Cleared Items
BSIH - Historical Customer Line Items (Archived)
CDHDR - Change Document Header
CDPOS - Change Document Items
KNB5 - Customer Dunning Data
KNBK - Customer Bank Details
KNVP - Customer Partner Functions
KNVV - Customer Sales Area Data
SWWWIHEAD - Workflow Work Item Header
T001 - Company Codes
USR02 - User Master Data
T003 - Document Types
T005 - Countries
T052 - Payment Terms Configuration
TCURF - Conversion Factors
TCURR - Exchange Rates
TCURX - Currency Decimals

Budgeting (BUDGET)

Budget planning, forecasting, variance analysis

Activities

Create Budget Structure - From FMFCTR funds center master data
Post Original Budget - From FMIT budget posting, document type BB
Post Budget Supplement - From FMIT supplement posting
Post Budget Transfer - From FMIT budget transfer between funds centers
Post Budget Return - From FMIT budget return/withdrawal
Check Budget Availability - From FMBDT availability control check
Release Commitment - From FMIT commitment release against budget
Execute Budget Carryforward - From FMIT year-end budget carryforward
Create Fund - From FM01 fund master data
Monitor Budget Consumption - From FMIT budget consumption analysis

Case attributes

Budget Category (Text) - FMIT-BUDCAT - budget category
Budget Status (Text) - FMIT-RLDEP - release status
Commitment Item (Text) - FMIT-FIPEX - commitment item
Fiscal Year (Text) - FMIT-FIPEX - fiscal year/period
Amount (Currency) - FMIT-WTPBT - budget amount
Currency (Text) - FMIT-WAERS - currency key
Budget Document Number (Text) - FMIT-BLTGR - document number
Fund (Text) - FMIT-FINCODE - fund
Funds Center (Text) - FMIT-FICTR - funds center
Posting Date (Date) - FMIT-DATB - posting date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify budget posting delays [Efficiency]: Analyze FMIT timestamps to find budget postings that occur well after the fiscal period start, reducing the time available for availability control.
Detect budget overruns [Cost]: Compare posted budget in FMIT against actual consumption to find funds centers that consistently exceed their allocated budget.
Analyze supplement frequency [Cost]: Track how often budget supplements are posted per funds center in FMIT to identify areas where initial budgeting is systematically inaccurate.
Uncover budget transfer patterns [Efficiency]: Mine FMIT for budget transfers between funds centers to identify organizational units that regularly reallocate budget.
Find unused budget allocations [Cost]: Identify funds and funds centers in FMIT where budget was posted but little or no consumption occurred, indicating over-allocation.
Audit budget carryforward gaps [Compliance]: Verify that all funds centers completed the year-end budget carryforward in FMIT before the new fiscal year postings began.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on budget threshold breach [Cost]: Notify budget managers when consumption in FMBDT reaches 90 percent of the posted budget in FMIT so supplements or transfers can be initiated.
Trigger budget supplement workflow [Service]: Automatically route budget supplement requests for approval when a funds center requests additional budget beyond the original allocation.
Monitor budget consumption dashboard [Service]: Display a live view of budget vs actual consumption per funds center so managers can see spending trends in real time.
Flag unused budget for reallocation [Cost]: Alert finance when a funds center has significant unspent budget as the fiscal year-end approaches so it can be reallocated.
Track carryforward completion [Compliance]: Notify the budget team when the year-end carryforward has not been completed for specific funds centers before the deadline.
Enforce budget availability check [Compliance]: Block commitment postings when availability control in FMBDT detects insufficient budget for the transaction.

Data tables

FMBDT - FM Budget Data
FMIT - FM Budget Line Items
FM01 - FM Area Master
FMFCTR - Funds Centers

Cash Management (CASH)

Bank reconciliation, cash positioning, treasury

Activities

Post Bank Statement - From FQM_FLOW bank statement posting
Clear Bank Account - From BSEG clearing against bank subaccount
Post Cash Payment - From BKPF/BSEG cash payment posting
Execute Payment Run - From REGUH/REGUP automatic payment program
Reconcile Bank Account - From FQM_FLOW reconciliation per bank account
Create Cash Forecast - From FQM_FLOW liquidity forecast
Post Treasury Transaction - From FQM_FLOW treasury money market/forex
Manage Bank Master Data - From T012 bank master data
Monitor Liquidity - From FQM_FLOW real-time liquidity analysis
Post Electronic Bank Statement - From FQM_FLOW electronic bank statement import

Case attributes

Company Code (Text) - T012K-BUKRS - company code for bank
House Bank (Text) - T012K-HBKID - house bank ID
Reconciliation Status (Text) - FQM_FLOW-RECON_STATUS - clearing status
Transaction Type (Text) - FQM_FLOW-BLART - document type
Amount (Currency) - FQM_FLOW-DMBTR - amount in local currency
Currency (Text) - FQM_FLOW-WAERS - transaction currency
Bank Account (Text) - T012-BNKEY - bank account key
Bank Statement Number (Text) - FQM_FLOW-NUMMI - statement number
Posting Date (Date) - FQM_FLOW-DATB - posting date
Value Date (Date) - FQM_FLOW-DATV - value date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify bank statement processing delays [Efficiency]: Analyze FQM_FLOW timestamps to find bank accounts where electronic bank statement processing consistently lags behind the statement date.
Detect unreconciled bank items [Compliance]: Find items in FQM_FLOW that remain unreconciled beyond a defined threshold, indicating matching or posting rule gaps.
Analyze payment run timing [Cash]: Track the time from payment proposal creation to payment execution in REGUH/REGUP to find payment runs delayed by approval bottlenecks.
Uncover liquidity forecast accuracy gaps [Cash]: Compare forecasted cash positions in FQM_FLOW against actual bank balances to identify forecast models that consistently miss.
Find treasury transaction processing delays [Cash]: Analyze FQM_FLOW treasury postings to identify money market or FX transactions that take too long to post and settle.
Audit bank master data changes [Compliance]: Track changes to bank account master data in T012 to ensure only authorized users modify banking arrangements.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on unreconciled bank items [Compliance]: Send a daily worklist of bank statement items in FQM_FLOW that have not been reconciled for more than three business days.
Trigger liquidity threshold alerts [Cash]: Notify treasury when the projected cash position from FQM_FLOW falls below a minimum threshold so they can arrange funding.
Monitor bank statement import queue [Service]: Display a live view of pending electronic bank statement imports so the team can ensure timely posting.
Flag duplicate bank statement postings [Cash]: Alert the treasury team when a bank statement number in FQM_FLOW matches an already-posted statement to prevent duplicate reconciliation.
Track payment run status [Service]: Provide a live dashboard of payment runs in REGUH showing status from proposal to execution so bottlenecks are visible.
Enforce bank master change review [Compliance]: Notify compliance when bank account master data in T012 is changed so the modification can be reviewed.

Data tables

FQM_FLOW - One Exposure Table - Central repository for all cash-relevant transactions
FQCUSTOM - Cash Flow Customizing
T012 - House Banks
T012K - House Bank Accounts

Customer Master Data (CMD)

Complete lifecycle of customer records from creation through maintenance

Activities

Create Business Partner - From BUT000 business partner master, CVI integration
Maintain Customer Role - From BUT100 business partner role assignment
Extend Customer to Sales Area - From KNVV customer sales area data
Assign Customer Hierarchy - From KNA1 hierarchy assignment
Set Credit Limit - From KNKK credit control data for customer
Block Customer - From KNA1 central deletion/blocking flag
Maintain Partner Functions - From KNVP partner determination
Merge Business Partner - From BUT000 BP merge/deduplication
Validate CVI - From CVI customer-vendor integration check
Review Customer Changes - From CDHDR/CDPOS change document history

Case attributes

BP Status (Text) - BUT000-BP_KIND - business partner type
Company Code (Text) - KNB1-BUKRS - company code
Customer Group (Text) - KNVV-KDGRP - customer group
Distribution Channel (Text) - KNVV-VTWEG - distribution channel
Division (Text) - KNVV-SPART - division
Sales Organization (Text) - KNVV-VKORG - sales organization
Customer Name (Text) - KNA1-NAME1 - customer name
Credit Limit (Currency) - KNKK-KLIMK - credit limit
Business Partner Number (Text) - BUT000-PARTNER - business partner GUID
Customer Number (Text) - KNA1-KUNNR - customer number

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify customer onboarding delays [Efficiency]: Analyze BUT000 creation timestamps to find customer master records that take too long from creation to full sales area extension.
Detect credit limit adjustment patterns [Cash]: Track changes to credit limits in KNKK to identify customers whose limits are frequently increased, potentially indicating risk.
Analyze customer blocking frequency [Compliance]: Mine KNA1 and CDHDR for customer blocking events to find customers who are repeatedly blocked and unblocked, indicating disputes or credit issues.
Uncover CVI validation failures [Efficiency]: Track how many business partner creations fail CVI validation and require rework, indicating data quality or configuration issues.
Find duplicate business partners [Compliance]: Analyze BUT000 for potential duplicate customer records with the same name, address, or tax ID to identify data quality gaps.
Audit partner function assignments [Compliance]: Track changes to partner function assignments in KNVP to ensure that critical roles like sold-to and payer are correctly configured.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on incomplete customer masters [Service]: Notify the master data team when a customer record is missing critical fields like credit limit or sales area assignment.
Trigger credit limit review [Cash]: Alert credit management when a new customer is created without a credit limit so the limit is set before the first order.
Monitor CVI validation queue [Efficiency]: Display a live worklist of business partners that failed CVI validation so they can be corrected before transactional use.
Flag duplicate customer records [Compliance]: Alert the master data team when a new business partner matches an existing record on name and tax ID to prevent duplication.
Track customer master changes [Compliance]: Notify compliance when critical customer master fields like payment terms or reconciliation account are changed in CDHDR.
Enforce role assignment completeness [Service]: Block sales order creation for customers missing required partner roles in KNVP so incomplete masters do not cause downstream errors.

Data tables

BKPF - Accounting Document Header
BSEG - Accounting Document Line Item
BSID - Customer Open Items
KNA1 - Customer Master - General Data
KNB1 - Customer Master - Company Code Data
KNKK - Customer Credit Management
LIPS - Delivery Item
MSEG - Material Document Segment
VBAK - Sales Order Header
VBFA - Sales Document Flow
VBUK - Sales Document Header Status
CDHDR - Change Document Header
CDPOS - Change Document Items
KNBK - Customer Bank Details
KNVP - Customer Partner Functions
KNVV - Customer Sales Area Data
USR02 - User Master Data
T005 - Countries

Controlling (CO)

Cost centers, cost elements, internal orders, profitability analysis

Activities

Post Primary Cost - From COEP primary cost posting from FI
Post Secondary Cost - From COEP secondary cost allocation
Execute Assessment - From COEP assessment cycle, sender/receiver
Execute Distribution - From COEP distribution cycle allocation
Execute Settlement - From COEP order settlement to cost center
Post Budget to Cost Center - From COSP cost center budget posting
Run Variance Calculation - From COEP variance analysis per cost center
Post Statistical Posting - From COSS statistical posting to cost object
Create Cost Center - From CSKS cost center master data
Create Internal Order - From COBK internal order master, AUFK

Case attributes

Activity Type (Text) - COEP-LSTAR - activity type
Controlling Area (Text) - COEP-KOKRS - controlling area
Cost Element (Text) - COEP-KSTAR - cost element
Document Status (Text) - COEP-STFLG - posting status
Amount (Currency) - COEP-WTGBC - total value in controlling currency
Currency (Text) - COEP-TWAER - transaction currency
Cost Object (Text) - COEP-OBJNR - object number
Internal Order (Text) - COEP-AUFNR - internal order number
Cost Center (Text) - COEP-KOSTL - cost center
Posting Date (Date) - COEP-BUDAT - posting date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify assessment cycle bottlenecks [Efficiency]: Analyze COEP assessment postings to find cost centers or cycles that consistently take longer to execute at period-end.
Detect budget overrun patterns [Cost]: Compare COSP budget postings against COEP actual cost postings per cost center to identify systematic budget overruns.
Uncover settlement delays [Efficiency]: Track the time from order completion to settlement posting in COEP to find internal orders that remain unsettled at period-end.
Analyze variance magnitude [Cost]: Mine COEP variance postings to identify cost centers with consistently large variances between planned and actual costs.
Find unallocated cost centers [Efficiency]: Identify cost centers in CSKS that have primary cost postings in COEP but no secondary cost allocation, leaving costs stranded.
Audit statistical posting usage [Compliance]: Analyze COSS statistical postings to ensure that overhead allocations are correctly flagged as statistical vs real.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on budget threshold breach [Cost]: Notify cost center managers when actual postings in COEP reach 80 percent of the COSP budget so corrective action can be taken.
Trigger period-end allocation reminders [Service]: Automatically remind the controlling team of outstanding assessment and distribution cycles as period-end approaches.
Monitor settlement queue [Efficiency]: Display a live worklist of internal orders awaiting settlement so they can be processed before the period closes.
Flag high-variance cost centers [Cost]: Alert controllers when variance calculations in COEP exceed a defined threshold for a cost center.
Track cost center master changes [Compliance]: Notify the controlling team when a new cost center is created or an existing one is modified in CSKS.
Enforce allocation sequence [Compliance]: Prevent settlement postings until all assessments and distributions for the period have been completed.

Data tables

COBK - CO Document Header
COEP - CO Line Items
COSP - CO External Postings
COSS - CO Internal Postings
CSKS - Cost Center Master
CSKA - Cost Element Master

Core HR (CORE_HR)

Employee master data, organizational structure

Activities

Hire Employee - From PA0000 personnel action type 01 (Hiring)
Maintain Employee Master Data - From PA0002 personal data infotype
Maintain Organizational Assignment - From PA0001 org assignment infotype
Maintain Address Data - From PA0006 address infotype
Maintain Basic Pay - From PA0008 basic pay infotype
Transfer Employee - From PA0000 action type 08 (Transfer)
Promote Employee - From PA0000 action type 07 (Promotion)
Separate Employee - From PA0000 action type 10 (Separation)
Maintain Org Structure - From HRP1000 org management infotype
Assign User Roles - From AGR_USERS role assignment, USR02 user

Case attributes

Action Type (Text) - PA0000-MASSN - personnel action type
Company Code (Text) - PA0001-BUKRS - company code
Cost Center (Text) - PA0001-KOSTL - cost center
Employee Status (Text) - PA0000-STAT2 - employment status
Employee Subgroup (Text) - PA0001-PERSG/PERSK - employee group/subgroup
Personnel Area (Text) - PA0001-WERKS - personnel area
Position (Text) - PA0001-PLANS - position ID
Employee Name (Text) - PA0002-VORNA/CNAMN - first/last name
Personnel Number (Text) - PA0000-PERNR - employee personnel number
Action Date (Date) - PA0000-BEGDA - start date of action

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify employee onboarding delays [Efficiency]: Analyze PA0000 action timestamps to find hire actions where the full master data setup takes too long, delaying payroll and benefits enrollment.
Detect transfer processing gaps [Compliance]: Track PA0000 transfer actions to find cases where the organizational assignment (PA0001) is not updated promptly, affecting cost center allocation.
Analyze separation processing timing [Cost]: Mine PA0000 separation actions to find cases where employee separation is not processed before the next payroll run, causing overpayment.
Uncover address data gaps [Compliance]: Identify employees in PA0006 with missing or outdated address data that could affect payroll, benefits, or tax reporting.
Find basic pay update delays [Cost]: Track the time between a promotion action (PA0000 type 07) and the corresponding basic pay update in PA0008.
Audit org structure changes [Compliance]: Analyze HRP1000 changes to find organizational structure modifications that are not reflected in employee assignments.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on incomplete hire records [Service]: Notify HR administrators when a new hire is missing required infotype records like PA0001 or PA0008 within the defined time frame.
Trigger separation checklist [Compliance]: Automatically generate a separation checklist when an employee separation is initiated, including access revocation and final pay.
Monitor transfer impact on cost centers [Cost]: Alert finance when an employee transfer changes the cost center in PA0001 so budgets can be adjusted.
Flag missing address data [Service]: Alert HR when an employee record in PA0006 has incomplete address fields that could affect tax or benefits processing.
Track promotion pay updates [Cost]: Provide a dashboard of recent promotions where the basic pay record in PA0008 has not yet been updated.
Enforce role assignment for new hires [Compliance]: Block payroll processing for employees who do not have system access roles assigned in AGR_USERS.

Data tables

PA0000 - HR Master - Actions (Infotype 0000)
PA0001 - HR Master - Org Assignment (Infotype 0001)
PA0002 - HR Master - Personal Data (Infotype 0002)
AGR_1251 - Authorization Profile Values
AGR_USERS - Role-to-User Assignments
HRP1000 - HCM Infotype 1000 (Object)
PA0006 - HR Master - Addresses (Infotype 0006)
USR02 - User Master Data

Fixed Assets (FA)

Asset lifecycle, depreciation, acquisition, retirement

Activities

Create Asset Master - From ANLA asset master record
Acquire Asset - From ANEK/ANEP acquisition posting, document type AA
Post Asset Capitalization - From ACDOCA asset capitalization posting
Run Depreciation - From ANEP depreciation run, AFAB depreciation terms
Post Depreciation - From ACDOCA depreciation posting to GL
Transfer Asset - From ANEP inter-company asset transfer posting
Retire Asset - From ANEP asset retirement, document type AB
Post Asset Sale - From ANEP asset retirement with revenue posting
Run Asset Year-End Close - From ANEK year-end balance carryforward
Revalue Asset - From ANEP asset revaluation posting

Case attributes

Asset Class (Text) - ANLA-ANLKL - asset class
Asset Status (Text) - ANLA-ZUSTIM - asset status
Company Code (Text) - ANLA-BUKRS - company code
Depreciation Area (Text) - ANLB-AFABE - depreciation area
Asset Description (Text) - ANLA-TXT50 - asset description
Accumulated Depreciation (Currency) - ANLC-KNAFA - accumulated depreciation
Acquisition Value (Currency) - ANLC-KANSW - acquisition value
Asset Number (Text) - ANLA-ANLN1 - main asset number
Asset Subnumber (Text) - ANLA-ANLN2 - asset subnumber
Capitalization Date (Date) - ANLA-ZUGDT - capitalization date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify depreciation run delays [Compliance]: Track the timing of monthly depreciation runs (AFAB) across company codes to find assets or areas where depreciation is consistently posted late.
Detect assets without depreciation [Compliance]: Find asset master records (ANLA) that have been capitalized but show no depreciation postings, indicating configuration issues or forgotten assets.
Analyze asset retirement patterns [Cost]: Mine ANEP for asset retirement postings to identify equipment that is retired earlier or later than its planned useful life.
Uncover capitalization delays [Efficiency]: Track the time between asset master creation (ANLA) and the first acquisition posting to identify assets sitting in suspense awaiting capitalization.
Find asset transfer bottlenecks [Efficiency]: Analyze inter-company asset transfers in ANEP to find transfers that take excessive time, potentially affecting depreciation accuracy.
Audit year-end close completeness [Compliance]: Verify that all company codes completed the asset year-end close (ANEK balance carryforward) before the GL period was locked.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on pending depreciation run [Compliance]: Notify the fixed asset team when the monthly depreciation run has not been executed by the scheduled date.
Monitor capitalization queue [Efficiency]: Display a live worklist of asset masters created but not yet capitalized so the team can process acquisition postings promptly.
Flag assets near retirement [Cost]: Alert the asset accountant when an asset approaches the end of its useful life based on depreciation end date in ANLB.
Track asset revaluation triggers [Cost]: Notify finance when market conditions or fair value adjustments require an asset revaluation posting.
Enforce year-end close sequence [Compliance]: Block the GL period lock until all company codes have completed the asset year-end close to ensure depreciation is fully posted.
Monitor asset master data quality [Service]: Flag asset master records with missing key fields like cost center or asset class so data quality issues are fixed before reporting.

Data tables

ANLA - Asset Master - General
ANLB - Depreciation Terms
ANLC - Asset Value Fields
ANEK - Asset Document Header
ANLZ - Asset Time-Dependent Data

General Ledger (GL)

Journal entries, chart of accounts, financials

Activities

Post Journal Entry - From BKPF/BSEG accounting document posting
Park Journal Entry - From BKPF with status V (parked document)
Post Accrual Entry - From ACDOCA accrual posting, document type
Reverse Journal Entry - From BKPF storno, reversal document
Display Account Balance - From ACDOCA Universal Journal balances
Run Balance Carryforward - From FAGL_FCVAL balance carryforward program
Post Closing Entry - From ACDOCA period-end closing postings
Reconcile GL Account - From ACDOCA reconciliation per account
Display Document Journal - From ACDOCA line item display
Create G/L Account - From SKB1 G/L account master data
Block G/L Account - From SKB1 account blocking, MMSP status

Case attributes

Company Code (Text) - BKPF-BUKRS - company code
Cost Center (Text) - BSEG-KOSTL - cost center
Document Type (Text) - BKPF-BLART - document type (SA, KR, etc.)
Fiscal Year (Text) - BKPF-GJAHR - fiscal year
G/L Account (Text) - BSEG-HKONT - general ledger account
Posting Status (Text) - BKPF-BSTAT - document status
Amount (Currency) - ACDOCA-HSL - amount in local currency
Document Number (Text) - BKPF-BELNR - accounting document number
Document Date (Date) - BKPF-BLDAT - document date
Posting Date (Date) - BKPF-BUDAT - posting date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify journal entry bottlenecks [Efficiency]: Analyze BKPF posting timestamps to find GL documents that take unusually long between creation and posting, revealing approval delays or data entry backlogs.
Detect unauthorized reversal patterns [Compliance]: Mine BKPF reversal documents to identify frequent journal entry reversals by specific users or at period-end, which may indicate manual error correction or compliance risk.
Uncover parked document aging [Efficiency]: Track how long documents remain parked (BKPF-BSTAT = V) before posting, identifying stale parked entries that may represent forgotten or blocked transactions.
Analyze period-end close timing [Efficiency]: Measure the time from the last regular posting to the balance carryforward run to quantify your actual close cycle and identify which closing steps are the longest.
Find reconciliation gaps [Compliance]: Compare GL account balances in ACDOCA against subledger totals to identify accounts that have not been reconciled within expected timeframes.
Audit G/L account master changes [Compliance]: Track who blocked or unblocked G/L accounts and when, using change document history to ensure segregation of duties.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on high-value journal entries [Cost]: Set up a daily check on ACDOCA for postings above a configurable amount threshold so reviewers can verify unusual entries before they flow into financial statements.
Monitor parked document queue [Efficiency]: Generate a daily worklist of parked documents older than a defined threshold so accountants can clear the backlog before period-end pressure.
Trigger period-end close checklist [Service]: Automatically remind the close team of outstanding financial close cockpit tasks as the period deadline approaches.
Flag out-of-period postings [Compliance]: Notify controllers when postings land in a prior or future period so they can investigate and adjust before the books are locked.
Automate reconciliation status tracking [Service]: Display a live dashboard of reconciliation status per GL account so the team can see which accounts are reconciled and which need attention.
Enforce account blocking controls [Compliance]: Send an alert when a G/L account is blocked or unblocked so the change can be reviewed against segregation-of-duties rules.

Data tables

ACDOCA - Universal Journal Entry
BKPF - Accounting Document Header
BSEG - Accounting Document Line Item
SKA1 - GL Account Master (Chart of Accounts)
SKB1 - GL Account Master (Company Code)
ACDOCT - Universal Journal Entry Texts
FAGLFLEXT - GL Totals Table
NSDM_V_JOURNAL - New GL Journal Entry View (S/4HANA)
T001 - Company Codes
USR02 - User Master Data
T003 - Document Types

Inventory Management (INV)

Stock movements, transfers, adjustments, valuation

Activities

Post Goods Receipt - From MSEG/MKPF movement type 101 goods receipt
Post Goods Issue - From MSEG/MKPF movement type 261/601 goods issue
Transfer Stock Between Plants - From MSEG movement type 303/305 stock transfer
Transfer Stock to Storage Location - From MSEG movement type 311 location transfer
Post Scrap - From MSEG movement type 551 scrap posting
Post Material Document - From MKPF/MSEG material document posting
Execute Physical Inventory - From MARD inventory count, ISEG physical inv
Post Inventory Difference - From MSEG movement type 701/702 inventory diff
Reverse Material Document - From MSEG reversal, MKPF storno
Display Stock Overview - From MATDOC stock overview per material/plant

Case attributes

Movement Type (Text) - MSEG-BWART - movement type
Plant (Text) - MSEG-WERKS - plant
Stock Type (Text) - MSEG-INSMK - stock type (unrestricted/blocked/QI)
Storage Location (Text) - MSEG-LGORT - storage location
Unit of Measure (Text) - MSEG-MEINS - unit of measure
Batch (Text) - MSEG-CHARG - batch number
Material Document (Text) - MKPF-MBLNR - material document number
Material Number (Text) - MSEG-MATNR - material number
Quantity (Number) - MSEG-MENGE - quantity
Posting Date (Date) - MKPF-BUDAT - posting date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify goods receipt processing delays [Efficiency]: Analyze MKPF/MSEG timestamps to find plants where goods receipts are consistently posted days after the actual receipt.
Detect inventory adjustment patterns [Compliance]: Mine MSEG for movement types 701 and 702 to identify materials or plants with frequent physical inventory adjustments.
Analyze stock transfer timing [Efficiency]: Track the time between stock transfer posting (MSEG movement type 303) and the corresponding receipt (305) to find inter-plant transfer delays.
Uncover scrap posting trends [Cost]: Analyze MSEG movement type 551 postings to identify materials with high scrap rates that may indicate quality or storage issues.
Find material document reversal rates [Compliance]: Track the frequency of material document reversals (MSEG storno) to identify plants or users with high error rates.
Audit physical inventory completion [Compliance]: Verify that all planned physical inventory counts in MARD were completed and differences posted within the fiscal year.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on delayed goods receipts [Efficiency]: Notify warehouse management when a goods receipt has not been posted within 24 hours of delivery arrival.
Trigger physical inventory countdown [Service]: Automatically remind inventory teams of upcoming physical inventory counts based on the MARD count schedule.
Monitor stock transfer pipeline [Service]: Display a live view of in-transit stock transfers (movement type 303 posted but 305 not yet received) so bottlenecks are visible.
Flag high-scrap materials [Cost]: Alert production when scrap postings for a material exceed a defined threshold so root causes can be investigated.
Track material document reversal queue [Compliance]: Provide a worklist of pending material document reversals so they can be processed before period-end closing.
Enforce inventory difference approval [Compliance]: Route inventory difference postings above a threshold value for management approval before they are posted to GL.

Data tables

MARA - Material Master - General Data
MARC - Material Master - Plant Data
MATDOC - Material Document (S/4HANA)
MBEW - Material Valuation
MKPF - Material Document Header
MSEG - Material Document Segment
T001W - Plants
MAKT - Material Master - Descriptions
MARD - Material Master - Storage Location
T006 - Units of Measure
T156 - Movement Types

Meter to Cash (M2C)

End-to-end meter reading through billing to payment collection

Activities

Install Meter - From EANL device installation for utility service
Read Meter - From EABL meter reading document
Post Meter Reading - From EABLG meter reading document log
Create Billing Document - From ERCH billing document creation
Post Billing - From ERDK billing document posting
Create Invoicing Document - From DFKKOP invoicing from billing
Post Customer Payment - From DFKKOP contract account payment
Clear Payment - From DFKKOP payment clearing
Process Dunning - From DFKKOP dunning for overdue utilities
Process Move-In - From EVER move-in contract activation
Process Move-Out - From EVER move-out contract deactivation
Process Budget Billing - From DFKKOP budget billing plan

Case attributes

Billing Period (Text) - ERCH-ABRPERI - billing period
Document Status (Text) - DFKKOP-BUKRS - company code
Amount (Currency) - DFKKOP-BETRAG - payment/charge amount
Currency (Text) - DFKKOP-WAERS - contract account currency
Device Number (Text) - EANL-GERAET - meter device number
Installation Number (Text) - EANL-ANLAGE - installation number
Billing Document Number (Text) - ERCH-BELNR - billing document number
Contract Account Number (Text) - DFKKOP-VKONT - contract account number
Contract Number (Text) - EVER-VERTRAG - utility contract number
Meter Reading Date (Date) - EABL-ADAT - meter reading date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify meter reading processing delays [Efficiency]: Analyze EABL timestamps to find meter readings that take too long from recording to posting, delaying billing cycles.
Detect billing document creation gaps [Cash]: Track ERCH billing document creation to find meters or contracts that are not billed within the expected cycle.
Analyze invoicing delays [Cash]: Mine DFKKOP invoicing data to find billing documents that take too long from billing to invoicing, affecting revenue recognition.
Uncover payment processing bottlenecks [Cash]: Find contract accounts in DFKKOP where payments are consistently received late, indicating dunning or collection issues.
Find move-in to first bill delays [Efficiency]: Track the time from contract move-in (EVER) to the first billing document (ERCH) to identify slow customer onboarding.
Audit budget billing plan accuracy [Cost]: Analyze DFKKOP budget billing postings to find contract accounts where budget installments consistently deviate from actual consumption.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on overdue meter readings [Service]: Notify field operations when meter readings in EABL are past their scheduled reading date for specific meters.
Trigger billing run reminders [Cash]: Automatically remind billing operations when the billing run has not been started for a billing cycle.
Monitor payment clearing status [Service]: Display a live view of customer payments in DFKKOP awaiting clearing so the finance team can process them before period-end.
Flag dunning candidates [Cash]: Alert collections when contract accounts in DFKKOP are overdue beyond the threshold for dunning action.
Track move-out final billing [Cash]: Provide a dashboard of move-out contracts (EVER) awaiting final billing so they can be processed before revenue cutoff.
Enforce meter reading before billing [Compliance]: Block billing document creation for meters that do not have a current meter reading in EABL within the billing period.

Data tables

DFKKOP - FI-CA Clearing Documents
EABL - Meter Reading Documents
EABLG - Meter Reading Results
ERCH - Billing Document Header
ERCHC - Billing Document Items
ERDK - Invoice Document Header
CDHDR - Change Document Header
CDPOS - Change Document Items
DBERCHZ2 - Reading-Billing Links
EANL - Installation Master Data
EDIDC - IDoc Control Records
EGERH - Device History
EMMA_CASE - BPEM Workflow Cases
ERCHO - Billing Document Operations
ERDB - Invoice Document Items
ERDO - Invoice Document Operations
EVER - Contract Master Data
USR02 - User Master Data

Plant Maintenance (MAINTENANCE)

Equipment maintenance management. Covers preventive maintenance, work orders, and spare parts management.

Activities

Create Maintenance Notification - From QMEL maintenance notification creation
Create Maintenance Order - From AUFK maintenance order from notification
Release Maintenance Order - From AUFK order release, JEST status
Schedule Maintenance Order - From AFIH maintenance order scheduling
Print Maintenance Order - From NAST output for maintenance order
Goods Issue for Maintenance - From MSEG movement type 261 to maintenance order
Confirm Maintenance Work - From AFRU work confirmation per operation
Complete Maintenance Notification - From QMEL notification completion
Technically Complete Order - From AUFK TECO status
Settle Maintenance Order - From COEP order settlement to cost center
Close Maintenance Order - From AUFK CLSD status

Case attributes

Breakdown Indicator (Text) - QMEL-AUSWK - breakdown indicator
Maintenance Type (Text) - QMEL-QMART - notification type (PM, GM)
Order Status (Text) - JEST-STAT - system status
Plant (Text) - AUFK-WERKS - maintenance planning plant
Order Total Cost (Currency) - AUFK-OBJNR - object for cost tracking
Equipment Number (Text) - QMEL-EQUNR - equipment number
Functional Location (Text) - QMEL-TPLNR - functional location
Maintenance Notification Number (Text) - QMEL-QMNUM - notification number
Maintenance Order Number (Text) - AUFK-AUFNR - maintenance order number
Malfunction Start (Date) - QMEL-AUSVN - malfunction start date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify maintenance order release delays [Efficiency]: Analyze AUFK timestamps to find maintenance orders that remain in created status too long before release, delaying maintenance execution.
Detect breakdown notification patterns [Cost]: Mine QMEL for maintenance notifications with breakdown indicator to identify equipment that fails frequently.
Analyze maintenance work confirmation timing [Efficiency]: Track the time between maintenance order release and work confirmation in AFRU to find orders that take longer than planned.
Uncover spare parts issue delays [Efficiency]: Find maintenance orders where goods issue (MSEG movement type 261) is delayed, potentially due to parts unavailability.
Find maintenance order close backlogs [Cost]: Identify maintenance orders that are technically complete but not yet settled or closed in AUFK.
Audit notification-to-order conversion gaps [Compliance]: Track maintenance notifications in QMEL that have not been converted to maintenance orders, leaving work unplanned.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on open maintenance notifications [Service]: Notify maintenance planners when notifications in QMEL remain without a linked maintenance order beyond the defined threshold.
Trigger maintenance scheduling reminders [Service]: Automatically remind planners when preventive maintenance orders are due based on the maintenance plan cycle.
Monitor spare parts availability [Efficiency]: Display a live view of maintenance orders awaiting parts goods issue so warehouse can prioritize picking.
Flag equipment with high breakdown rates [Cost]: Alert maintenance management when equipment shows an increasing breakdown notification trend so preventive maintenance can be reviewed.
Track maintenance work confirmation queue [Service]: Provide a worklist of maintenance operations awaiting work confirmation so technicians can update progress.
Enforce maintenance settlement before close [Compliance]: Block maintenance order closure until settlement to the responsible cost center has been completed.

Data tables

AFIH - Maintenance Order Header
AUFK - Order Master Data
JCDS - Status Change Documents
QMEL - Quality Notification
CDHDR - Change Document Header
CDPOS - Change Document Items
ILOA - PM Object Location and Account Assignment
QMIH - Maintenance Notification Header
USR02 - User Master Data
EQKT - Equipment Short Texts
T003P - Order Types (PM)
TJ02T - System Status Texts

Material Master Data (MMD)

Material master record lifecycle from creation through deletion

Activities

Create Material Master - From MARA material general data
Extend Material to Plant - From MARC plant-specific material data
Extend Material to Sales - From MVKE sales-specific material data
Maintain Material Description - From MAKT material description by language
Set Material Valuation - From MBEW material valuation data
Maintain Material Type - From MARA-MTART material type
Set Material Status - From MARA-MSTAE cross-plant material status
Maintain Unit of Measure - From MARM material unit of measure
Maintain Material Classification - From MARA classification data
Review Material Changes - From CDHDR/CDPOS change document history

Case attributes

Base Unit of Measure (Text) - MARA-MEINS - base UOM
Division (Text) - MARA-SPART - division
Material Group (Text) - MARA-MATKL - material group
Material Status (Text) - MARA-MSTAE - cross-plant status
Material Type (Text) - MARA-MTART - material type
Plant (Text) - MARC-WERKS - plant
Material Description (Text) - MAKT-MAKTX - material description
Standard Price (Currency) - MBEW-STPRS - standard price
Valuation Class (Text) - MBEW-BKLAS - valuation class
Material Number (Text) - MARA-MATNR - material number

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify material creation bottlenecks [Efficiency]: Analyze MARA creation timestamps to find material master records that take too long from creation to full plant and sales extension.
Detect missing material descriptions [Service]: Find material master records in MARA without descriptions in MAKT for the required languages, affecting search and usability.
Analyze valuation setup gaps [Compliance]: Identify materials in MARC without proper valuation data in MBEW, which would cause accounting posting errors.
Uncover material status blocking patterns [Compliance]: Track material status changes in MARA to find materials that are frequently blocked and unblocked, indicating demand or quality issues.
Find UOM conversion gaps [Efficiency]: Identify materials in MARM with incomplete unit of measure conversions that would cause quantity calculation errors in transactions.
Audit material type assignments [Compliance]: Track changes to material type (MARA-MTART) to ensure materials are correctly classified for valuation and reporting.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on incomplete material records [Service]: Notify the master data team when a material is missing key data like valuation class or plant assignment before it is used in transactions.
Trigger material status review [Cost]: Alert materials management when a material has been in blocked status for an extended period so it can be reviewed for obsolescence.
Monitor material extension queue [Efficiency]: Display a live worklist of materials pending extension to new plants or sales organizations so they can be completed before demand hits.
Flag material description gaps [Service]: Alert the master data team when a new material is created without a description in the primary language.
Track material master changes [Compliance]: Notify compliance when critical material fields like valuation class or material type are changed in CDHDR.
Enforce UOM completeness [Service]: Block transactional use of materials that are missing base unit of measure or alternative UOM conversions in MARM.

Data tables

MARA - Material Master - General Data
MARC - Material Master - Plant Data
MBEW - Material Valuation
CDHDR - Change Document Header
CDPOS - Change Document Items
MAKT - Material Master - Descriptions
MARD - Material Master - Storage Location
MARM - Material Units of Measure
MVKE - Material Sales Data
USR02 - User Master Data
DD02T - Table/Structure Texts
DD03M - Table Field Texts
T006 - Units of Measure

Material Requirements Planning (MRP)

Material planning, demand forecasting

Activities

Run MRP - From MDKP/MDTB MRP run, planning file
Create Planned Order - From MDKP planned order from MRP run
Convert Planned Order to Production Order - From AUFK conversion from PLAF
Convert Planned Order to Purchase Requisition - From EBAN conversion from PLAF
Execute Forecast - From MARC forecast-based planning
Review MRP Exception Messages - From MDTC exception messages per material
Adjust Reorder Point - From MARC-MINBE reorder point adjustment
Reschedule Planned Orders - From MDKP rescheduling proposals
Display MRP List - From MDKP/MDTB MRP list display
Execute Long-Term Planning - From MDKP long-term planning simulation

Case attributes

Lot Size (Text) - MARC-DISLS - lot-sizing procedure
MRP Area (Text) - MARC-BERID - MRP area
MRP Controller (Text) - MARC-DISPO - MRP controller
MRP Type (Text) - MARC-DISMM - MRP type (PD, VB, etc.)
Planning Strategy (Text) - MARC-STRAT - planning strategy group
Plant (Text) - MDKP-PLWRK - planning plant
Material Number (Text) - MDKP-MATNR - material number
Planned Order Number (Text) - MDKP-DNUMR - MRP document number
Reorder Point (Number) - MARC-MINBE - reorder point
MRP Date (Date) - MDKP-DAT01 - MRP run date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify MRP run timing gaps [Efficiency]: Analyze MDKP timestamps to find materials where MRP runs are executed less frequently than the planning calendar requires.
Detect planned order conversion delays [Efficiency]: Track the time between planned order creation in MDKP and conversion to production orders or purchase requisitions to find planning bottlenecks.
Analyze exception message patterns [Compliance]: Mine MDTC for exception messages to identify materials that consistently generate cancellation or rescheduling exceptions.
Uncover forecast accuracy gaps [Cost]: Compare forecast-based planned orders against actual demand to identify materials where forecast accuracy is consistently poor.
Find reorder point misalignment [Cost]: Identify materials in MARC where the reorder point (MINBE) does not align with actual consumption patterns, causing stockouts or overstock.
Audit MRP controller workload [Efficiency]: Analyze the number of materials per MRP controller (MARC-DISPO) to identify unevenly distributed planning workloads.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on overdue MRP runs [Service]: Notify MRP controllers when the scheduled MRP run for their material scope has not been executed.
Trigger planned order conversion reminders [Efficiency]: Automatically remind planners when planned orders are approaching their start date and have not been converted.
Monitor exception message queue [Service]: Display a live dashboard of MRP exception messages by severity so planners can prioritize resolution.
Flag forecast deviation alerts [Cost]: Alert planners when actual demand deviates from forecast by more than a defined percentage so forecasts can be adjusted.
Track rescheduling proposals [Service]: Provide a worklist of MRP rescheduling proposals so planners can accept or reject them before the next MRP run.
Enforce MRP run completeness [Compliance]: Block purchase requisition release when the MRP run has not been completed for the relevant plant and material scope.

Data tables

MARC - Material Master - Plant Data
MDKP - MRP Document Header
MDTB - MRP Table (Planning Results)
MARD - Material Master - Storage Location
MDTC - MRP Table Cluster

Order-to-Cash (O2C)

Full sales cycle from quote through payment receipt

Activities

Create Sales Order - From VBAK/VBAP sales order header and items
Approve Sales Order - From VBAK approval status, sales order release
Check Credit Limit - From KNKK customer credit control data
Block Sales Order - From VBAK credit block or manual block, VBUK status
Confirm Delivery Date - From VBEP schedule line confirmation
Allocate Inventory - From VBAK/VBAP inventory allocation against sales order
Create Delivery - From LIKP/LIPS outbound delivery document
Release to Warehousing - From VBUK warehouse release for delivery processing
Confirm Picking - From LIPS picking confirmation in outbound delivery
Pick Goods - From LIPS picking status, warehouse picking
Pack Goods - From handling unit assignment to delivery
Issue Goods from Warehouse - From MSEG/MKPF movement type 601 goods issue
Post Goods Issue - From VBUK-WBSTK goods movement posting, MKPF/MSEG
Confirm Shipment - From VBUK shipment confirmation, VTTP shipment
Release to Invoicing - From VBUK billing release status
Create Billing Document - From VBRK/VBRP billing document from delivery
Post Accounting Document - From BKPF/BSEG accounting entry from billing
Post Invoice - From BKPF/BSEG accounting posting from billing document
Transfer Invoice to GL - From ACDOCA transfer of billing to General Ledger
Send Invoice to Customer - From NAST output for billing document
Receive Customer Payment - From BSEG clearing, BSID/BSAD customer line items
Clear Customer Account - From BSEG-AUGBL clearing document
Clear Invoice - From BSEG-AUGBL clearing document for customer invoice
Cancel Billing Document - From VBRK cancellation, storno billing
Return Goods from Customer - From VBAK returns order, MSEG goods receipt

Case attributes

Distribution Channel (Text) - VBAK-VTWEG - distribution channel
Division (Text) - VBAK-SPART - product division
Order Status (Text) - VBUK-GBSTK - overall processing status
Sales Order Type (Text) - VBAK-AUART - order type (OR, ZOR, etc.)
Sales Organization (Text) - VBAK-VKORG - sales organization
Currency (Text) - VBAK-WAERK - document currency
Net Value (Currency) - VBAK-NETWR - total net order value
Customer Number (Text) - VBAK-KUNNR - sold-to party
Material Number (Text) - VBAP-MATNR - material sold
Sales Order Number (Text) - VBAK-VBELN - sales document number
Order Date (Date) - VBAK-ERDAT - order creation date
Requested Delivery Date (Date) - VBEP-EDATU - customer requested date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Where credit holds quietly stretch your cycle [Cash]: See how often orders drop onto a credit hold and how many days they sit there before release. Mining the block-and-release events across every order turns 'credit is slow sometimes' into a measured number of days and dollars added to your order-to-cash cycle.
Delivery and billing blocks as hidden bottlenecks [Efficiency]: Rank your delivery-block and billing-block reasons by how many days each one costs. You find which block reasons are routine and harmless versus the few that repeatedly stall high-value orders.
Manual rework loops on price, quantity and dates [Efficiency]: Surface orders that are changed again and again after entry - repeated price changes, quantity edits, and delivery-date pushes on the same order. Each change is touch time and a chance for error; the pattern points straight at pricing gaps and unreliable promise dates.
Order rejections and the reasons behind them [Service]: Concentrate rejected lines by reason code to see where revenue leaks before it is ever shipped, and which customers or materials drive the rejections.
Promise date versus what you actually shipped [Service]: Compare the date you confirmed to the customer against the date goods actually left the dock, order by order, and trace the late ones back to the step that caused the slip.
How many orders actually follow the standard flow [Efficiency]: Measure what share of orders run the clean path - order, delivery, goods issue, invoice, cash - versus the variants that loop back or skip steps. The 'touchless' rate is your baseline for automation and the variants are your improvement backlog.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Break high-value credit holds before they age [Cash]: Every day, flag the largest orders that have just landed on a credit hold and route them to the credit team, so a five-figure order does not sit blocked for a week because nobody was watching.
A daily worklist of orders stuck on a block [Efficiency]: Produce a live list of orders sitting on a delivery or billing block longer than your threshold, sorted by value and promised date, so the team clears the costly ones first instead of oldest-first.
Catch shipments that are billed late or not at all [Cash]: Spot deliveries that have been goods-issued but not yet billed and push them into the billing run the same day - protecting DSO by turning shipped goods into invoices without delay.
Watch at-risk deliveries against the promise date [Service]: Trigger a notification when an open order's confirmed ship date starts slipping past what the customer was promised, so you can act before the customer calls.
A guardrail on repeated order changes [Cost]: Alert when a single order accumulates repeated price, quantity or date changes - an early signal of a pricing error, a difficult customer, or maverick discounting that deserves a second look.
Prioritise overdue invoices for collection [Cash]: Feed invoices past their due date straight into a prioritised collections worklist so cash chasing is aimed at the biggest, oldest balances first.

Data tables

LIKP - Delivery Header
LIPS - Delivery Item
MKPF - Material Document Header
MSEG - Material Document Segment
VBAK - Sales Order Header
VBAP - Sales Order Item
VBFA - Sales Document Flow
VBRK - Billing Document Header
VBRP - Billing Document Item
VBUK - Sales Document Header Status
VBUP - Sales Document Item Status
CDHDR - Change Document Header
CDPOS - Change Document Items
KONV - Pricing Conditions (ECC)
NAST - Message Status
PRCD_ELEMENTS - Pricing Conditions (S/4HANA)
SWWWIHEAD - Workflow Work Item Header
USR02 - User Master Data
VBEP - Sales Order Schedule Line
VBKD - Sales Document Business Data
T006 - Units of Measure
T156 - Movement Types
TCURF - Conversion Factors
TCURR - Exchange Rates
TCURX - Currency Decimals

Procure-to-Pay (P2P)

Full procurement cycle from requisition through invoice payment

Activities

Create Requisition - From EBAN purchase requisition header, BANFN
Release Purchase Requisition - From EBAN release status, EBAN-RELID
Execute Supplier Payment - From REGUH/REGUP payment program (F110)
Create Request for Quotation - From EKKO with BSART=RFQ, EKPO items
Evaluate RFQ Responses - From EKKO quotations received against RFQ
Accept RFQ Response - From EKKO RFQ award, vendor selection
Create Purchase Order - From EKKO/EKPO purchase order header and items
Release Purchase Order - From EKKO release strategy, FRGKE
Send Purchase Order to Vendor - From NAST output message for PO
Receive Order Confirmation - From EKBE purchase order history, BLNRA confirmation
Record Goods Receipt - From MSEG/MKPF movement type 101 against PO
Record Invoice Receipt - From RBKP/RSEG logistics invoice verification
Approve Invoice for Payment - From RBKP invoice approval, MREXT released
Set Payment Block - From BSEG-ZLSPR payment block indicator
Clear Invoice - From BSEG clearing document, AUGBL
Block Purchase Order Item - From EKPO-LOEKZ deletion indicator
Cancel Goods Receipt - From MSEG movement type 102/122 reversal
Cancel Invoice Receipt - From RSEG invoice reversal, RBKP stblg

Case attributes

Company Code (Text) - EKKO-BUKRS - company code
PO Status (Text) - EKKO-STATU - purchase order status
Plant (Text) - EKPO-WERKS - receiving plant
Purchase Order Type (Text) - EKKO-BSART - document type (NB, UB, etc.)
Purchasing Group (Text) - EKKO-EKGRP - purchasing group
Currency (Text) - EKKO-WAERS - document currency
Net Order Value (Currency) - EKPO-NETWR - net order value
Material Number (Text) - EKPO-MATNR - material code
Vendor Number (Text) - EKKO-LIFNR - vendor account number
Purchase Order Number (Text) - EKKO-EBELN - PO document number
Delivery Date (Date) - EKPO-EINDT - item delivery date
PO Date (Date) - EKKO-AEDAT - purchase order creation date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Off-contract and maverick buying [Cost]: Find purchase orders raised with no requisition in front of them or against no contract at all. Quantified across a year of history, this is the spend that escaped your negotiated pricing - usually a bigger number than anyone expects.
Manual PO changes that delay and add risk [Efficiency]: Surface POs that are edited repeatedly after release - price, quantity, vendor, delivery date and payment-term changes on the same order. Each one adds cycle time and audit exposure.
Three-way match failures [Efficiency]: Measure how often supplier invoices fail to line up with the PO and the goods receipt, and which vendors and buyers drive the exceptions that your AP team has to work by hand.
The GR/IR reconciliation backlog [Compliance]: Expose goods received but not yet invoiced (and the reverse) sitting in the GR/IR clearing account, and how long items age there - a recurring month-end clean-up that mining makes visible year-round.
Payment blocks and discounts left on the table [Cost]: See how long invoices sit on a payment block and how many early-payment discounts were lost by paying late - straight, recoverable money.
Supplier delivery performance, from your own data [Service]: Compare each vendor's confirmed delivery date and shipping notice against the actual goods receipt to rank suppliers on reliability using the record you already hold - no vendor scorecard survey required.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Stop maverick spend at the point of order [Cost]: Flag new POs that have no requisition or no contract behind them for review before they are sent, so off-contract spend is caught while it can still be redirected.
A daily worklist of invoices blocked on match [Efficiency]: List invoices held on a three-way-match exception, sorted by value and by the discount about to expire, so AP clears the ones that matter today.
Capture early-payment discounts before the cutoff [Cost]: Flag approved invoices whose discount window is about to close but that are still unpaid, so finance can pull them into the next payment run and keep the discount.
Release aging payment blocks [Cash]: Produce a daily list of payments held on a block past your threshold, so nothing quietly ages into a late payment or a strained supplier relationship.
Duplicate-invoice and duplicate-payment watch [Compliance]: Screen incoming invoices for likely duplicates - same vendor, amount and reference - and flag them before the payment run, not after the money has gone out.
Chase suppliers before they make you late [Service]: Trigger a follow-up when a PO passes its confirmed delivery date with no goods receipt yet, so vendors are chased proactively instead of being discovered short at receiving.

Data tables

BKPF - Accounting Document Header
BSEG - Accounting Document Line Item
BSIK - Vendor Open Items
EBAN - Purchase Requisition
EKBE - Purchase Order History
EKKO - Purchase Order Header
EKPO - Purchase Order Item
LFA1 - Vendor Master - General Data
LFB1 - Vendor Master - Company Code Data
MARA - Material Master - General Data
MARC - Material Master - Plant Data
MKPF - Material Document Header
MSEG - Material Document Segment
QALS - Inspection Lot Record
QAVE - Inspection Usage Decision
RBKP - Invoice Document Header
RSEG - Invoice Document Item
T001W - Plants
BSAK - Vendor Cleared Items
CDHDR - Change Document Header
CDPOS - Change Document Items
EINA - Purchasing Info Record - General
EINE - Purchasing Info Record - Purch Org
EKES - Vendor Confirmations
EKET - Schedule Lines
ESLL - Lines of Service Package
ESSR - Service Entry Sheet
LFM1 - Vendor Master - Purchasing Organization
MAKT - Material Master - Descriptions
NAST - Message Status
REGUH - Settlement Data from Payment Program
REGUP - Payment Advice Items
SWWWIHEAD - Workflow Work Item Header
T001 - Company Codes
USR02 - User Master Data
T001L - Storage Locations
T006 - Units of Measure
T023T - Material Group Descriptions
T024 - Purchasing Groups
T024E - Purchasing Organizations
T052 - Payment Terms Configuration
T156 - Movement Types
T161 - Purchasing Document Types
T161G - Reasons for Rejection
T163 - Item Categories in Purchasing Document
T163I - Account Assignment Category Texts
T163K - Account Assignment Categories in Purchasing
T163Y - Item Category Texts
T685T - Conditions: Texts for Output Types
TBSLT - Posting Key Texts
TCURF - Conversion Factors
TCURR - Exchange Rates
TCURX - Currency Decimals

Payroll (PAYROLL)

Pay processing, deductions, tax withholding

Activities

Start Payroll Run - From PA0008 payroll control record, RPCALCx0
Execute Payroll Driver - From payroll schema execution per payroll area
Post Payroll to Accounting - From BKPF/BSEG posting from payroll results
Run Off-Cycle Payroll - From off-cycle payroll run for individual employee
Generate Payroll Remuneration - From payroll results, wage types in PA0008
Process Payroll Bank Transfer - From REGUH/REGUP payment from payroll
Create Payroll Journal - From payroll journal per payroll area
Reverse Payroll Run - From payroll control record reversal
Release Payroll - From payroll control record release status
Exit Payroll - From payroll control record exit status

Case attributes

Pay Period (Text) - Payroll period from control record
Payroll Area (Text) - PA0001-ABKRS - payroll area
Payroll Status (Text) - Payroll control record status
Wage Type (Text) - PA0008-LGA01 - wage type
Bank Details (Text) - Employee bank transfer details
Currency (Text) - Payroll currency
Gross Amount (Currency) - Gross wage from payroll results
Net Amount (Currency) - Net wage from payroll results
Personnel Number (Text) - PA0008-PERNR - employee personnel number
Posting Date (Date) - Payroll posting date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify payroll run timing gaps [Efficiency]: Analyze payroll control record timestamps to find payroll areas where the payroll run starts late, delaying downstream banking and accounting.
Detect payroll posting delays [Efficiency]: Track the time between payroll run completion and the accounting posting in BKPF/BSEG to find payroll periods where GL posting lags.
Analyze off-cycle payroll frequency [Cost]: Mine off-cycle payroll runs to identify employees or payroll areas with frequent off-cycle corrections, indicating regular payroll errors.
Uncover bank transfer processing gaps [Cash]: Find payroll periods where the bank transfer in REGUH/REGUP is not completed before the pay date, causing late salary payments.
Find payroll reversal patterns [Compliance]: Track payroll control record reversals to identify payroll areas that frequently require correction runs, affecting accounting accuracy.
Audit payroll release and exit timing [Compliance]: Analyze the gap between payroll release and exit to find periods where the payroll remains in released status too long before exit.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on payroll run delays [Service]: Notify payroll administrators when the payroll run has not been started by the scheduled date for a payroll area.
Trigger payroll posting reminder [Efficiency]: Automatically remind the accounting team to post the payroll to GL when the payroll run is complete but the posting has not been done.
Monitor bank transfer status [Service]: Display a live view of payroll bank transfers from creation to execution so payroll can confirm payments before the pay date.
Flag frequent off-cycle corrections [Cost]: Alert payroll management when an employee or payroll area has more than the expected number of off-cycle runs in a period.
Track payroll journal generation [Service]: Provide a dashboard showing which payroll areas have completed the payroll journal and which are pending.
Enforce payroll exit before next period [Compliance]: Block the next payroll period start in the control record until the previous period has been exited.

Data tables

PA0001 - HR Master - Org Assignment (Infotype 0001)
PA0007 - HR Master - Planned Working Time (Infotype 0007)
PA0008 - HR Master - Basic Pay (Infotype 0008)
PCL2 - HR Cluster - Payroll Results Data (requires special cluster extraction)
USR02 - User Master Data

Project Management (PM)

Project definition, WBS elements, networks, costs

Activities

Create Project - From PROJ project definition
Create WBS Element - From PRPS WBS element creation
Release WBS Element - From PRPS release status, JEST
Assign Budget to Project - From COSP project budget assignment
Post Project Cost - From COEP project cost posting
Confirm Project Milestone - From PRPS milestone confirmation
Settle Project - From COEP project settlement to cost center/PA
Close WBS Element - From PRPS close status, JEST
Close Project - From PROJ close status, JEST
Display Project Hierarchy - From PROJ/PRPS project hierarchy report

Case attributes

Company Code (Text) - PROJ-BUKRS - company code
Plant (Text) - PROJ-WERKS - plant
Project Status (Text) - JEST-STAT - system status
Project Type (Text) - PROJ-PROFID - project profile
Budget Amount (Currency) - COSP-WTGBTR - total budget value
Currency (Text) - COSP-TWAER - transaction currency
Project Definition (Text) - PROJ-PSPID - project definition ID
WBS Element (Text) - PRPS-POSID - WBS element ID
Finish Date (Date) - PROJ-PLSEZ - planned finish date
Start Date (Date) - PROJ-PLFAZ - planned start date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify project creation to release delays [Efficiency]: Analyze PROJ and PRPS timestamps to find projects where WBS elements remain unreleased for too long after creation.
Detect budget overrun patterns [Cost]: Compare COSP project budget postings against COEP actual cost postings to find projects that consistently exceed their budget.
Analyze project settlement timing [Efficiency]: Track the time from project completion to settlement posting in COEP to find projects that remain unsettled at period-end.
Uncover milestone confirmation gaps [Compliance]: Find projects where milestones in PRPS are not confirmed in sequence, potentially indicating reporting or progress tracking issues.
Find project close backlogs [Cost]: Identify projects in PROJ that are technically complete but not yet closed, affecting revenue recognition and cost reporting.
Audit project cost posting patterns [Compliance]: Analyze COEP project cost postings to find projects where costs are posted disproportionately across WBS elements.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on unreleased WBS elements [Service]: Notify project managers when WBS elements remain unreleased beyond the planned start date so budget and cost tracking can begin.
Trigger budget threshold alerts [Cost]: Notify project controllers when actual costs in COEP reach 80 percent of the COSP budget so corrective action can be taken.
Monitor project settlement queue [Efficiency]: Display a live worklist of projects awaiting settlement so they can be processed before period-end closing.
Flag projects awaiting close [Cost]: Alert project managers when projects are technically complete but not yet closed so final settlement can be processed.
Track milestone confirmation status [Service]: Provide a dashboard of project milestones and their confirmation status so managers can see progress at a glance.
Enforce project close sequence [Compliance]: Block project closure until all WBS elements are settled and all milestones are confirmed.

Data tables

AFKO - Network Header
AFVC - Network Activity
PROJ - Project Definition
PRPS - WBS Element
JEST - Object Status

Production/Manufacturing (PROD)

Production orders, BOM, routing, shop floor execution

Activities

Create Production Order - From AUFK/AFKO production order header
Release Production Order - From AUFK order status release, JEST
Print Production Order - From NAST output for production order
Goods Issue to Order - From MSEG movement type 261 to production order
Confirm Production Operation - From AFRU operation confirmation, AFVC
Record Production Activity - From AFRU activity confirmation per routing
Complete Production Operation - From AFRU operation final confirmation
Goods Receipt from Order - From MSEG movement type 101 from production order
Technically Complete Order - From AUFK TECO status, JEST
Close Production Order - From AUFK CLSD status, order settlement
Cancel Goods Issue - From MSEG movement type 262 reversal
Settle Production Order - From COEP settlement to cost center

Case attributes

Cost Center (Text) - AFKO-KOSTL - responsible cost center
Order Status (Text) - JEST-STAT - order system status
Order Type (Text) - AUFK-AUART - order type
Plant (Text) - AFPO-DWERK - producing plant
Unit of Measure (Text) - AFKO-GMEIN - base unit of measure
Material Number (Text) - AFKO-PLNBEZ - material to be produced
Production Order Number (Text) - AUFK-AUFNR - production order number
Order Quantity (Number) - AFKO-GAMNG - total order quantity
Finish Date (Date) - AFKO-GLTRP - scheduled finish date
Start Date (Date) - AFKO-GSTRP - scheduled start date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify production order release delays [Efficiency]: Analyze AUFK timestamps to find production orders that remain in created status too long before release, delaying the start of manufacturing.
Detect goods issue timing gaps [Efficiency]: Track the time between production order release and goods issue (MSEG movement type 261) to find materials shortages that delay production.
Analyze operation confirmation patterns [Efficiency]: Mine AFRU for operation confirmations to find production steps that consistently take longer than the planned routing time.
Uncover goods receipt delays [Efficiency]: Track the gap between the last operation confirmation and goods receipt (MSEG movement type 101) to find finished goods waiting to be received.
Find production order close backlogs [Cost]: Identify production orders in AUFK that have been technically complete but not yet financially settled or closed.
Audit goods issue reversal rates [Compliance]: Track MSEG movement type 262 reversals to find production orders with high material issue error rates.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on unreleased production orders [Service]: Notify production planners when orders remain unreleased beyond the planned start date so components can be allocated.
Trigger material shortage alerts [Efficiency]: Alert production when a goods issue (MSEG 261) fails due to insufficient stock so materials can be expedited.
Monitor operation confirmation queue [Service]: Display a live view of production operations awaiting confirmation so shop floor supervisors can track progress.
Flag orders awaiting close [Cost]: Alert controllers when production orders are technically complete but not yet settled or closed so period-end costs are captured.
Track goods receipt completion [Service]: Provide a dashboard of completed production orders awaiting goods receipt so finished goods can be received into inventory.
Enforce production order sequencing [Compliance]: Block goods issue when predecessor operations have not been confirmed to prevent out-of-sequence manufacturing.

Data tables

AFKO - Network Header
AFPO - Order Item Detail
AFRU - Order Completion Confirmations
AFVC - Network Activity
AUFK - Order Master Data
JCDS - Status Change Documents
MARA - Material Master - General Data
MARC - Material Master - Plant Data
MBEW - Material Valuation
T001W - Plants
AFVV - Order Operation Values
CAUFV - View: Order Header (AUFK + AFKO + AFPO)
MAKT - Material Master - Descriptions
PLPO - Routing Operations
RESB - Reservation/Dependent Requirements
STPO - BOM Items
USR02 - User Master Data
T006 - Units of Measure
TJ02T - System Status Texts
TJ30T - User Status Texts

Quality Management (QM)

Quality control, inspections, non-conformance

Activities

Create Inspection Lot - From QALS inspection lot creation
Record Inspection Results - From QAMR results recording per characteristic
Record Usage Decision - From QAVE usage decision for lot
Create Quality Notification - From QMEL quality notification
Process Defect - From QMEL defect recording and processing
Create Inspection Characteristic - From QAMV master inspection characteristic
Record Inspection Method - From QMSM inspection method assignment
Close Quality Notification - From QMEL notification completion status
Print Certificate of Analysis - From QALS certificate of analysis output
Cancel Inspection Lot - From QALS inspection lot cancellation

Case attributes

Inspection Type (Text) - QALS-ART - inspection lot origin (01, 02, etc.)
Lot Status (Text) - QALS-PASTZ - inspection lot status
Plant (Text) - QALS-WERKS - plant
Usage Decision (Text) - QAVE-VCODEGRP - usage decision code
Material Number (Text) - QALS-MATNR - material inspected
Inspection Lot Number (Text) - QALS-PRUEFLOS - inspection lot number
Notification Number (Text) - QMEL-QMNUM - quality notification number
Lot Quantity (Number) - QALS-ENLMNGDA - lot size
Inspection End Date (Date) - QALS-PAENDTERM - inspection end date
Inspection Start Date (Date) - QALS-PASTARTTERM - inspection start date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify inspection lot processing delays [Efficiency]: Analyze QALS timestamps to find inspection lots that remain open beyond the expected inspection window, delaying material availability.
Detect usage decision rejection rates [Cost]: Track QAVE usage decisions to identify materials or vendors with consistently high rejection rates.
Analyze quality notification closure times [Efficiency]: Mine QMEL for quality notifications that take too long to close, indicating slow defect resolution processes.
Uncover inspection result recording gaps [Compliance]: Find inspection lots in QALS where results have not been recorded for all required characteristics in QAMR.
Find defect recurrence patterns [Cost]: Analyze QMEL defect notifications to identify recurring defect types for specific materials or vendors.
Audit inspection lot cancellation [Compliance]: Track QALS inspection lot cancellations to identify lots that are cancelled instead of completed, potentially bypassing quality control.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on open inspection lots [Service]: Notify quality inspectors when inspection lots in QALS remain without results recording beyond the defined time threshold.
Trigger usage decision reminders [Efficiency]: Automatically remind quality managers when inspection lots have results recorded but no usage decision has been made.
Monitor quality notification queue [Service]: Display a live worklist of open quality notifications by priority so the team can focus on critical defects.
Flag high-rejection materials [Cost]: Alert procurement when a material shows a usage decision rejection rate above a threshold so supplier quality can be reviewed.
Track certificate of analysis status [Service]: Provide a dashboard of inspection lots awaiting certificate of analysis printing so customer shipments are not delayed.
Enforce results before usage decision [Compliance]: Block usage decision recording in QAVE when required inspection results in QAMR are not yet recorded for all characteristics.

Data tables

QALS - Inspection Lot Record
QAMR - Characteristic Results
QAVE - Inspection Usage Decision
QMEL - Quality Notification
QAMV - Characteristic Specifications
QMSM - Task for Quality Notification

Record-to-Report (R2R)

The financial close and reporting process. Covers journal entries, period-end close activities, consolidation, and financial statement preparation.

Activities

Post Journal Entry - From BKPF/BSEG accounting document posting
Park Journal Entry - From BKPF with status V (parked document)
Run Accrual Posting - From ACDOCA accrual run at period end
Execute Financial Close Task - From FCC_INST_HDR/FCC_INST_ITEM close cockpit task
Post Depreciation - From ACDOCA depreciation posting from FA
Run Cost Allocation - From COEP assessment/distribution at period end
Execute Foreign Currency Valuation - From ACDOCA FX valuation run
Run Balance Carryforward - From ACDOCA balance carryforward to new year
Reconcile Subledgers - From ACDOCA reconciliation of AP/AR/AA to GL
Lock Posting Period - From T001 posting period lock
Generate Financial Statement - From ACDOCA financial statement report

Case attributes

Close Status (Text) - FCC_INST_HDR-STATUS - close cockpit status
Company Code (Text) - BKPF-BUKRS - company code
Document Type (Text) - BKPF-BLART - document type
Fiscal Year (Text) - BKPF-GJAHR - fiscal year
G/L Account (Text) - BSEG-HKONT - general ledger account
Posting Period (Text) - BKPF-MONAT - posting period
Amount (Currency) - ACDOCA-HSL - amount in local currency
Close Task ID (Text) - FCC_INST_ITEM-TASKID - close cockpit task ID
Document Number (Text) - BKPF-BELNR - accounting document number
Posting Date (Date) - BKPF-BUDAT - posting date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify financial close task delays [Efficiency]: Analyze FCC_INST_ITEM timestamps to find close cockpit tasks that consistently miss their scheduled completion time.
Detect accrual posting timing gaps [Compliance]: Track ACDOCA accrual postings to find periods where accruals are posted late, affecting period-end financial accuracy.
Analyze FX valuation accuracy [Cash]: Compare ACDOCA foreign currency valuation results against subsequent actual settlement rates to identify valuation model gaps.
Uncover subledger reconciliation gaps [Compliance]: Find periods where AP, AR, or AA subledger totals do not reconcile with GL balances in ACDOCA.
Find balance carryforward delays [Efficiency]: Track the timing of year-end balance carryforward runs in ACDOCA to find company codes that complete the carryforward late.
Audit period lock timing [Compliance]: Analyze T001 posting period lock events to find periods where the lock is applied inconsistently across company codes.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on overdue close tasks [Service]: Notify the close manager when financial close cockpit tasks in FCC_INST_ITEM are past their scheduled completion time.
Trigger accrual run reminders [Compliance]: Automatically remind the accounting team to execute the period-end accrual run before the close deadline.
Monitor reconciliation status dashboard [Service]: Display a live view of subledger-to-GL reconciliation status per company code so gaps are visible before the period lock.
Flag period lock readiness [Compliance]: Alert the close manager when prerequisites for period lock (reconciliation, accruals, FX valuation) are not yet complete.
Track balance carryforward completion [Service]: Provide a dashboard showing which company codes have completed the year-end balance carryforward and which are pending.
Enforce close task sequencing [Compliance]: Block the period lock in T001 until all prerequisite close cockpit tasks in FCC_INST_ITEM are completed.

Data tables

ACDOCA - Universal Journal Entry
BKPF - Accounting Document Header
BSEG - Accounting Document Line Item
COEP - CO Line Items
FCC_AUTO_STATHIS - FCC Status History
FCC_INST_HDR - Financial Closing Cockpit Instance Headers
FCC_INST_ITEM - Financial Closing Cockpit Tasks
SKA1 - GL Account Master (Chart of Accounts)
SKB1 - GL Account Master (Company Code)
ANEK - Asset Document Header
CDHDR - Change Document Header
CDPOS - Change Document Items
FAGLFLEXA - GL Actual Line Items
FAGLFLEXT - GL Totals Table
NSDM_V_JOURNAL - New GL Journal Entry View (S/4HANA)
T001 - Company Codes
USR02 - User Master Data
T001B - Permitted Posting Periods
TBTCO - Background Job Overview

Service/Case Management (SERVICE)

Support tickets, SLAs, resolution

Activities

Create Service Order - From CRMS4D_SERV_H service order header
Create Service Confirmation - From CRMS4D_SERV_H service confirmation
Create Service Item - From CRMS4D_SERV_I service order item
Confirm Service Performed - From CRMS4D_SERV_H confirmation of service
Record Service Time - From PMSDO time confirmation against service order
Post Goods Issue for Service - From MSEG spare parts issue to service order
Create Service Contract - From VEDA contract data for service agreement
Maintain Installed Base - From IBIB installed base for service object
Bill Service - From CRMS4D_BTX_H billing document for service
Close Service Order - From CRMS4D_SERV_H service order completion

Case attributes

Employee Responsible (Text) - CRMS4D_SERV_H-RESP_EMP - responsible employee
Service Status (Text) - CRMS4D_SERV_H-STATUS - service order status
Service Type (Text) - CRMS4D_SERV_H-PROCESS_TYPE - service process type
Currency (Text) - CRMS4D_SERV_H-CURRENCY - document currency
Net Value (Currency) - CRMS4D_SERV_H-NET_VALUE - net service value
Component ID (Text) - IBIN-IBASE - installed base component
Customer Number (Text) - CRMS4D_SERV_H-PARTNER - customer
Installed Base ID (Text) - IBIB-IBASE - installed base number
Service Order Number (Text) - CRMS4D_SERV_H-OBJECT_ID - service order ID
Service Date (Date) - CRMS4D_SERV_H-POSTING_DATE - service posting date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify service order processing delays [Efficiency]: Analyze CRMS4D_SERV_H timestamps to find service orders that remain open too long before confirmation, delaying billing.
Detect service confirmation gaps [Cash]: Track service orders in CRMS4D_SERV_H that have items but no service confirmation, leaving work unrecorded and unbilled.
Analyze service time recording accuracy [Cost]: Mine PMSDO time confirmations to find service orders where recorded time significantly deviates from estimated effort.
Uncover spare parts issue delays [Efficiency]: Find service orders where goods issue (MSEG) for spare parts is delayed, affecting service completion timelines.
Find service billing delays [Cash]: Track the time from service confirmation to billing in CRMS4D_BTX_H to find orders that remain unbilled long after service completion.
Audit installed base maintenance [Compliance]: Analyze IBIB installed base records to find service objects with outdated or missing component assignments.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on open service orders [Service]: Notify service managers when service orders in CRMS4D_SERV_H remain open beyond the expected resolution time.
Trigger service confirmation reminders [Efficiency]: Automatically remind service agents when service orders have items created but no confirmation has been recorded.
Monitor service billing queue [Cash]: Display a live view of confirmed service orders awaiting billing so revenue is not delayed.
Flag service orders with missing time [Cost]: Alert service management when a service order has confirmation but no time recorded in PMSDO, affecting cost recovery.
Track installed base completeness [Service]: Provide a dashboard of service objects with incomplete installed base data in IBIB so service planning is not affected.
Enforce confirmation before billing [Compliance]: Block service billing in CRMS4D_BTX_H when the related service order has not been fully confirmed.

Data tables

CRMS4D_SERV_H - S/4HANA Service Transaction Header
CRMS4D_SERV_I - S/4HANA Service Transaction Items
IBIB - Installed Base Header
PMSDO - PM Organizational Data for SD Documents
VEDA - Contract Data (Validity/Cancellation)
BGMK - Master Warranty Header
BGMP - Master Warranty Item
CRMS4D_BTX_H - S/4HANA Business Transaction Index
IBIN - Installed Base Components

Tax Management (TAX)

Tax calculation, reporting, compliance

Activities

Post Tax Document - From BSET tax line item posting with BKPF/BSEG
Calculate Input Tax - From BSET input tax calculation per line item
Calculate Output Tax - From BSET output tax calculation per line item
Post Tax Adjustment - From BSET tax adjustment document
Run Tax Report - From BSET tax reporting per jurisdiction
Create Tax Code - From T007A tax code master data
Maintain Tax Rate - From T007S tax rate per jurisdiction
Post Withholding Tax - From BSEG withholding tax posting
Reverse Tax Document - From BKPF storno reversal of tax posting
Generate Tax Return Data - From BSET aggregation for tax return

Case attributes

Company Code (Text) - BKPF-BUKRS - company code
G/L Tax Account (Text) - BSET-HKONT - tax account in GL
Tax Code (Text) - BSET-MWSKZ - tax code
Tax Jurisdiction (Text) - BSET-TXJCD - tax jurisdiction code
Tax Type (Text) - BSET-TAXPS - tax posting indicator
Base Amount (Currency) - BSET-HWBSB - base amount for tax calculation
Tax Amount (Currency) - BSET-HWSTE - tax amount in local currency
Tax Rate (Number) - BSET-KBETR - tax rate percentage
Document Number (Text) - BKPF-BELNR - accounting document number
Posting Date (Date) - BKPF-BUDAT - posting date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify tax posting timing gaps [Compliance]: Analyze BSET timestamps to find tax postings that are made late in the period, affecting tax reporting accuracy.
Detect tax code misassignment patterns [Compliance]: Mine BSET for postings with tax codes that do not match the expected tax category for the G/L account or transaction.
Analyze withholding tax posting gaps [Cash]: Track BSEG withholding tax postings to find vendor payments where withholding tax is not applied when it should be.
Uncover tax adjustment frequency [Cost]: Find periods with a high number of tax adjustment postings in BSET, indicating systematic tax calculation or coding errors.
Find tax return data gaps [Compliance]: Analyze BSET aggregation to find periods where tax return data does not reconcile with the posted tax amounts.
Audit tax rate master changes [Compliance]: Track changes to tax rates in T007S to ensure rate updates are applied at the correct fiscal period boundary.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on missing tax codes [Compliance]: Notify the tax team when a posting in BSEG has a missing or invalid tax code that would cause reporting gaps.
Trigger withholding tax review [Cash]: Alert accounts payable when a vendor payment is posted without withholding tax deduction where the vendor requires it.
Monitor tax posting reconciliation [Service]: Display a live view of tax amounts by tax code per period so the tax team can reconcile before the return filing deadline.
Flag tax rate changes for review [Compliance]: Alert the tax controller when a tax rate in T007S is changed so the change can be validated against the jurisdiction rules.
Track tax return preparation status [Service]: Provide a dashboard of tax return data generation status per tax jurisdiction so filing deadlines are visible.
Enforce tax code validation at posting [Compliance]: Block document posting when the tax code in BSET does not match the tax jurisdiction or G/L account configuration.

Data tables

BSET - Tax Data Document Segment
J_1BTXD - Tax Declaration Header (Brazil)
T007A - Tax Keys Master
T007S - Tax Codes per Country

Time & Attendance (TIME)

Time tracking, leave management, scheduling

Activities

Record Time Entry - From CATSDB cross-application time sheet entry
Record Absence - From PA2001 absences infotype posting
Record Attendance - From PA2002 attendances infotype posting
Submit Timesheet - From CATSDB timesheet submission status
Approve Timesheet - From CATSDB approval status change
Reject Timesheet - From CATSDB rejection status change
Post Time to Controlling - From COEP time posting to cost center
Record Overtime - From PA2005 overtime infotype
Record Availability Data - From PA2006 availability infotype
Generate Time Wage - From time evaluation run to payroll

Case attributes

Activity Type (Text) - CATSDB-RLSTAR - activity type
Attendance/Absence Type (Text) - PA2001-AWART or PA2002-AWART - time type
Cost Center (Text) - CATSDB-RKOSTL - cost center
Plant (Text) - PA0001-WERKS - personnel area/plant
Timesheet Status (Text) - CATSDB-STATUS - approval status
Short Text (Text) - CATSDB-LTEXT - long text / memo
Order (Text) - CATSDB-RAUFNR - order number
Personnel Number (Text) - CATSDB-PERNR - employee personnel number
Hours Worked (Number) - CATSDB-CATSHOURS - recorded hours
Work Date (Date) - CATSDB-WORKDATE - work date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify timesheet submission delays [Efficiency]: Analyze CATSDB timestamps to find employees who consistently submit timesheets after the approval deadline.
Detect timesheet rejection patterns [Efficiency]: Track CATSDB rejection status to find employees or managers with high rejection rates, indicating training or data quality issues.
Analyze absence recording timing [Cost]: Mine PA2001 absence records to find cases where absences are recorded after the payroll run, causing retroactive adjustments.
Uncover overtime approval gaps [Cost]: Find overtime records in PA2005 that have not been approved before the payroll cutoff, requiring off-cycle payments.
Find time-to-controlling posting delays [Efficiency]: Track the time between timesheet approval and COEP cost posting to find periods where time data is not posted to controlling before close.
Audit attendance recording completeness [Compliance]: Analyze PA2002 attendance records to find employees with missing or incomplete attendance data for working days.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on unsubmitted timesheets [Service]: Notify employees when their timesheet has not been submitted before the weekly approval deadline.
Trigger manager approval reminders [Efficiency]: Automatically remind managers when they have pending timesheet approvals awaiting action in CATSDB.
Monitor absence recording before payroll [Cost]: Alert HR when absences have not been recorded for employees before the payroll cutoff so corrections can be made.
Flag overtime exceeding threshold [Cost]: Alert managers when an employee records overtime above a defined threshold so it can be reviewed before payroll processing.
Track time posting to controlling [Service]: Provide a dashboard of approved timesheets awaiting COEP cost posting so the controlling team can process them before close.
Enforce attendance data completeness [Compliance]: Block payroll processing for employees with incomplete attendance records in PA2002 for the payroll period.

Data tables

CATSDB - Cross-Application Time Sheet
PA0007 - HR Master - Planned Working Time (Infotype 0007)
PA2001 - HR Time Record: Absences (Infotype 2001)
PA2002 - HR Time Record: Attendances (Infotype 2002)
PA2005 - HR Time Record: Overtime (Infotype 2005)
PA2006 - HR Time Record: Absence Quotas (Infotype 2006)
PA2007 - HR Time Record: Attendance Quotas (Infotype 2007)
PTEX2000 - Interface Table for Attendances/Absences

Vendor Master Data (VMD)

Complete lifecycle of vendor records from creation through maintenance

Activities

Create Vendor Master - From LFA1 vendor master general data
Extend Vendor to Company Code - From LFB1 company code data for vendor
Extend Vendor to Purchasing Org - From LFM1 purchasing organization data
Block Vendor - From LFA1 blocking flag, LFB1/LFM1 block indicators
Set Payment Terms - From LFB1-ZTERM terms of payment for vendor
Maintain Vendor Bank Details - From LFBK vendor bank details
Create Business Partner - From BUT000 BP for vendor via CVI
Evaluate Supplier - From LFM1 vendor evaluation scoring
Maintain Source List - From EORD source list for vendor-material
Review Vendor Changes - From CDHDR/CDPOS change document history

Case attributes

Company Code (Text) - LFB1-BUKRS - company code
Country (Text) - LFA1-LAND1 - country key
Payment Terms (Text) - LFB1-ZTERM - terms of payment
Purchasing Organization (Text) - LFM1-EKORG - purchasing organization
Reconciliation Account (Text) - LFB1-AKONT - reconciliation account in GL
Vendor Block Status (Text) - LFA1-SPERR - central posting block
Vendor Name (Text) - LFA1-NAME1 - vendor name
Currency (Text) - LFA1-WAERS - vendor currency
Tax Number (Text) - LFA1-STCD1 - tax number 1
Vendor Number (Text) - LFA1-LIFNR - vendor number

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify vendor onboarding delays [Efficiency]: Analyze LFA1 creation timestamps to find vendor master records that take too long from creation to full company code extension.
Detect vendor blocking patterns [Compliance]: Track vendor blocking events in LFA1 and CDHDR to identify vendors who are repeatedly blocked, indicating supply or payment issues.
Analyze payment term assignment gaps [Cash]: Find vendor master records in LFB1 where payment terms are missing or set to non-standard values, affecting cash flow planning.
Uncover bank detail completeness gaps [Efficiency]: Identify vendors in LFBK with missing or incomplete bank details that would prevent electronic payment processing.
Find supplier evaluation trends [Cost]: Track supplier evaluation scores over time to identify vendors whose performance is declining.
Audit source list maintenance [Compliance]: Analyze EORD source list records to find materials where the source list is expired or missing, affecting procurement planning.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on incomplete vendor records [Service]: Notify the master data team when a vendor record is missing critical fields like bank details or payment terms before PO creation.
Trigger vendor evaluation refresh [Cost]: Remind purchasing to run supplier evaluations for vendors whose last evaluation is older than the defined review cycle.
Monitor source list expirations [Service]: Alert purchasing when a source list entry in EORD is about to expire so it can be renewed before procurement is affected.
Flag vendor master changes for review [Compliance]: Notify compliance when critical vendor master fields like bank details or reconciliation account are changed in CDHDR.
Track vendor blocking workflow [Compliance]: Automatically route vendor blocking decisions for approval so blocks are reviewed by both purchasing and finance.
Enforce payment term compliance [Cash]: Flag PO creation for vendors with non-standard payment terms in LFB1 so finance can review before the invoice arrives.

Data tables

LFA1 - Vendor Master - General Data
LFB1 - Vendor Master - Company Code Data
CDHDR - Change Document Header
CDPOS - Change Document Items
LFB5 - Vendor Dunning Data
LFBK - Vendor Bank Details
LFM1 - Vendor Master - Purchasing Organization
USR02 - User Master Data
T005 - Countries

Warehouse Management (WH)

Warehouse operations, picking, packing, shipping

Activities

Create Inbound Delivery - From /SCWM/ORDIM_O inbound delivery notification
Put Away Goods - From /SCWM/LAGP storage bin assignment
Create Warehouse Task - From /SCWM/ORDIM_O warehouse task creation
Confirm Warehouse Task - From /SCWM/ORDIM_O warehouse task confirmation
Pick Goods - From /SCWM/ORDIM_O picking warehouse task
Pack Handling Unit - From /SCWM/HUHDR handling unit header
Create Outbound Delivery Order - From /SCWM/ORDIM_O outbound delivery order
Stage Goods - From /SCWM/ORDIM_O staging area assignment
Load Goods - From /SCWM/ORDIM_O loading confirmation
Post Goods Issue - From MSEG/MKPF goods issue from warehouse
Create Transfer Order - From LTAK/LTAP transfer order (legacy WM)
Confirm Transfer Order - From LTAK transfer order confirmation
Execute Physical Inventory - From /SCWM/LAGP warehouse physical inventory

Case attributes

Document Category (Text) - /SCWM/ORDIM_O-DOC_CAT - document category
Storage Bin (Text) - /SCWM/LAGP-LGPLA - storage bin
Storage Type (Text) - /SCWM/LAGP-LGTYP - storage type
Task Status (Text) - /SCWM/ORDIM_O-STATUS - warehouse task status
Handling Unit (Text) - /SCWM/HUHDR-HUID - handling unit ID
Material Number (Text) - /SCWM/ORDIM_O-MATNR - material number
Warehouse Number (Text) - /SCWM/ORDIM_O-LGNUM - warehouse number
Warehouse Order (Text) - /SCWM/ORDIM_O-WHOUS - warehouse order
Quantity (Number) - /SCWM/ORDIM_O-VSOLA - quantity
Posting Date (Date) - /SCWM/ORDIM_O-DATUM - posting date

Process-mining benefits (historical)

Identify putaway processing delays [Efficiency]: Analyze /SCWM/ORDIM_O timestamps to find warehouse tasks that take too long from creation to confirmation during putaway.
Detect picking bottleneck zones [Efficiency]: Mine /SCWM/ORDIM_O picking task data to identify storage types or zones where picking consistently takes longer than expected.
Analyze warehouse task confirmation rates [Efficiency]: Track the percentage of warehouse tasks confirmed within the expected time window to find warehouse areas with confirmation backlogs.
Uncover goods issue posting delays [Efficiency]: Find outbound deliveries where the goods issue (MSEG movement type 601) is posted well after loading confirmation.
Find handling unit packing gaps [Compliance]: Identify outbound deliveries in /SCWM/HUHDR where handling units are not assigned, potentially causing shipping label errors.
Audit warehouse physical inventory [Compliance]: Track completion of warehouse physical inventory counts in /SCWM/LAGP to ensure all storage bins are counted per the cycle plan.

Process-mining benefits (action)

Alert on open warehouse tasks [Service]: Notify warehouse supervisors when warehouse tasks in /SCWM/ORDIM_O remain unconfirmed beyond the expected processing time.
Trigger putaway priority alerts [Efficiency]: Automatically prioritize putaway tasks for inbound deliveries that have been waiting for more than a defined threshold.
Monitor outbound shipment status [Service]: Display a live view of outbound deliveries from staging to goods issue so shipping delays are visible to all stakeholders.
Flag low-occupancy storage bins [Cost]: Alert warehouse management when storage bins in /SCWM/LAGP show low occupancy to optimize space utilization.
Track physical inventory progress [Service]: Provide a dashboard of physical inventory count completion by storage type so the team can track progress against the plan.
Enforce handling unit assignment [Compliance]: Block goods issue for outbound deliveries that do not have handling units assigned in /SCWM/HUHDR to prevent shipping errors.

Data tables

/SCWM/AQUA - Available Stock for Task Creation
/SCWM/LAGP - Storage Bins
/SCWM/ORDIM_O - Warehouse Tasks Open
/SCWM/QUAN - Physical Stock Attributes
LTAK - Transfer Order Header
LTAP - Transfer Order Items
T001W - Plants
/SCWM/HUHDR - Handling Unit Header
/SCWM/ORDIM_C - Warehouse Tasks Confirmed
LAGP - Storage Bins
LQUA - Quant (Warehouse Stock)
LTBK - Transfer Requirement Header
LTBP - Transfer Requirement Items
USR02 - User Master Data
T300 - WM Warehouse Numbers
T301 - WM Storage Types

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